Step 1: Preheat your oven to 425°F (218°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease a cast-iron skillet.
Step 2: In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, salt, and baking soda until thoroughly combined.
Step 3: Make a well in the center of the dry ingredients and pour in the buttermilk. Stir gently with a wooden spoon or your hand until a shaggy dough forms.
Step 4: Transfer the dough to a lightly floured surface. Gently knead it just 4 to 5 times to form a smooth-ish round ball. Do not overwork the dough.
Step 5: Place the dough on the prepared baking sheet. Use a sharp knife to cut a deep ‘X’ into the top of the loaf, about 1 inch deep.
Step 6: Bake for 35 to 45 minutes, or until the loaf is golden brown and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom. Brush with melted butter immediately after removing from the oven for a softer crust.