Step 1: In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well combined.
Step 2: In a separate medium bowl or measuring jug, whisk the buttermilk, egg, melted butter, and vanilla extract.
Step 3: Create a well in the center of the dry ingredients and pour in the wet mixture. Fold gently with a spatula until just combined; do not over-mix.
Step 4: Let the batter rest for 10 minutes at room temperature to allow the leavening agents to activate.
Step 5: Preheat a non-stick griddle or skillet over medium-low heat and lightly grease with oil or butter.
Step 6: Pour 1/4 cup of batter per pancake onto the hot surface. Cook until bubbles form on the top and the edges look set (about 2-3 minutes).
Step 7: Flip carefully and cook the other side for another 1-2 minutes until golden brown.
Step 8: Serve immediately with your favorite toppings like maple syrup or fresh fruit.